14.1) Computers and Privacy

  privacy - the right of people not to reveal information about themselves
  
  e-mail - not private.  Most companies regularly scan their employees e-mail,
  and archive ALL of it.  e-mail should be considered like a postcard
  that can easily be read.
  
  Databases
  
  The Social Security number was not originally intended to be a universal
  id number, but this is what it has become.  They are not private, they can be 
  easily discovered.  Others can and have used them to open credit cards in
  other people's names.  
  Identity Theft
  Telemarketing - companies can and do often sell your personal info
  
  Electronic networks
  
  You can be traced when surfing the net
  "cookies" - small files that websites place on your computer to identify you
  (can be deleted)
  
  Rules and Laws on privacy
  
  The government is restricted from comparing certain records to try and find a 
  match.
  Free credit report - if you have been denied credit, you have the right to
  access your credit records free of charge.
  
  Limiting privacy
  
  In some cases, not having privacy is a good thing.  Ex: criminals (criminal
  records), employment history, etc., are public for good reason.  Privacy is
  not an absolute value.
  
  
	  
12.2) Intellectual Property Rights

  Intellectual property - products of the human mind

  3 types of intellectual property -  patent, trade secret, and copyrights
  
  copyright - a body of law that prohibits copying the intellectual property
  does not have to registered, laws a minimum of 50 years
  digitization has made copying of software and media extremely easy
  
  Software and Network Piracy
  
  Piracy - unauthorized copying of software by copying from one diskette to 
  another
  
  Network Piracy - using electronic networks to distribute unauthorized 
  copyrighted materials (such as the Internet)
  
  Disadvantages of pirating software
  
  Staying up-to-date
  no tech support
  risk getting a virus
  risk getting caught
  
  Plagiarism - copying another writer's work.  Again, very easy to do with a
  computer.
  
  Ownership of Media - many artists that use recycled material pay a royalty
  
  
14.3) Truth in Art & Journalism

  Manipulation of sound - ex. Sinatra's 'Duets'
  
  Manipulation of photos - one head on another body, pyramids closer together
  
  Manipulation of video - morphing, Forest Gump (old scenes with Tom Hanks 
  superimposed)
  
  Manipulation of facts - rumors can spread even faster as a result of 
  computers and networks
  
14.4) Free speech

  Civility - online behavior and 'Netiquette' - TYPING IN ALL CAPS IS THE
  EQUIVLANET OF YELLING WHEN TYPING ONLINE
  Spamming - sending e-mail or messages to people you don't know for business
  
  Pornography and Censorship - In terms of the amount of data, the Internet is
  estimated to be 80% pornography.  Controversial in the legal system.  Porn
  on the Internet was made illegal for a while, but that law was deemed
  unconstitutional.  The biggest concern is children seeing that material.
  
  Blocking software - some ISP's will block websites that have undesirable 
  content.

  Ratings are also in the works.  A website would be required to have a rating,
  and browsers would detect that rating.  If the user is to young, they will not
  be allowed to access a certain website.

  V-chip - a technology under development that will allow parents to block 
  certain websites/channels (very appropriate as the web and TV converge)
  

14.5) Security  
  
  People errors
  Procedural errors (upgrade the NASDAQ)
  Software errors
  Electromechanical problems
  Dirty Data Problems
  
  Natural Hazards - Terrorism
  
  Crimes - Theft of hardware, theft of software
  theft of time (surfing the Net at work)
  theft of information (steeling credit card numbers)
  Crimes of malice and destruction (shutting down networks)
  
  Worms and Viruses
  Software that infests hardware by replicating itself uncontrollably
  defense - use virus scanning software
  Types of Viruses on p. 14.20
  
  Computer criminals - 80% are employees.
  Outside users
  Hackers and Crackers - most hackers do it as a hobby.  Some of them get hired
  to try to break into systems as a job.  However, you can still be persecuted
  by law for stealing information even you don't use it and only meant it as
  an exercise.
  
  Professional Criminals - use technology for illegal purposes, steal money,
  forge checks, credit card numbers, etc.
  
14.6) More Security

  ID and access - can be determined by
  1) what you have (cards, keys)
  2) What you know (pins, passwords)
  3) Who you are (retina scan, fingerprint scan
  
  Encryption - altering of data so that it is not usable unless you have the 
  "key".
  
  Protection of software and data - Control of access - network software keeps 
  logs of who tries to access what data
  Firewalls - software or hardware that prevents others from infiltrating a 
  computer
  Audit controls - track which programs are used, files accessed
  People controls - resumes checked to make sure people are who they say they 
  are
  
  Disaster recovery plan - data backed up
  Priorities of business functions - billing, accounts receivable
  Support resources needed - list of everything needed to support business
  Backup sites
  Procedures for implementing plan
  Training and practice
  
14.7) Social Questions 
  
  Environmental problems - Energy consumption of PCs is often unnecessarily high.
  New "Energy-star" PCs and monitors consume 50% less power.
  
  Environmental pollution - physical components are often thrown out.  Recycle!
  
  Mental-Health Problems
  isolation, gambling, net addiction, stress
  
  Workplace Problems
  misuse of technology (upgrade because we can)
  Information overload (CNN)
  
  Economic Issues
  technology kills jobs
  widens the gap between the poor and rich.
  
  Education and Information
  access to libraries, educational and productive tools for handicapped 
  individuals.
  
  Health
  telemedicine, virtual surgery, ergonomics
  
  Commerce, e-money
  online stores, pay-pal
  
  Government and Electronic Democracy
  using computers to access government information
  cards to access social security from ATMs, even for those who don't have
  bank accounts
  
  Conclusion:
  Where are you gonna be?  It's a quickly changing world.  To be successful, you
  have to constantly sharpen your skills and learn new ones.  Now, more than 
  ever before, you must never stop learning.
  
  
  
Homework 14:

in Interactive computing book
OF ch. 1
OF 1.22 # 3