3.1) I/O
  
  Input Hardware : Human -> Machine
  
  Output Hardware: Machine -> Computer
   
3.2) Input Hardware

Keyboards

  Standard Typing Keys: Qwerty
  
  Cursor movement keys: Arrows
  
  Numeric Keys: Numeric Keypad, tell Numlock story
  
  Function Keys: F1 - F12
    F1 - usually help
    F2 - usually save
 
  CTS - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
 
  Ergonomic keyboards - help alleviate carpal tunnel syndrome
  
Pointing Devices
  Mice, Trackballs, Joysticks, and Touchpad (advanced features of touchpad)
  
  Mouse Language:
    Point, click, double-click, drag, drop, right-click, middle-click
  
  light Pen - "draw" on screen
  
  digitizing tablet - "draw" on tablet, appears on screen
  
Pen-Based systems

  Gesture recognition - simple characters (x, check) or block letters
  Handwriting stored as scribbling - saves image
  Handwriting converted w/ training - saves text, computer must be 'trained'
  Handwriting converted, no training - under development
  
Source data entry

  Scanning devices - convert things from the physical world into digital data
  
  Bar Code reader - convert bar into digital code (ASCII or EBCDIC)
    mention double thin lines?  Mark of the Beast?
	
 MICR - magnetic ink character recognition - checks
 
 OMR - optical mark recognition - scantron
 
 OCR - optical character recognition - recognizes text
 
 Fax machine - facsimile machine
 
 Imaging system - the common term 'Scanners'
  
 Voice-recognition - must be trained
 
 Sound Card
   Audio board
   Midi board
   
 Video and photographic
   frame grabber video card - in digital cameras - serial or USB
   full-motion video card - in digital camcorders -firewire
   
 Human-Biology Input Devices
   Biometric Systems - retina scanners, fingerprints, DNA - the movie Gattaca
   Line-of-sight-systems - control a mouse with your eyes - used for paralyzed people
   Cyber gloves and body suits - Nintendo Power glove
   
 Multimedia input needs:
   Sound Card
   Microphone
   Graphics Scanner
   Video Capture
   
3.3) Output Hardware

Printers

  Impact Printers - dot matrix, 72-144 dpi, 40-300 characters per second
  
  Nonimpact Printers - laser printer, 300-1200 dpi, 4-32 text only pages/second
    Have their own RAM

  Ink-jet Printers - 300-720 dpi, slow, cost less than laser printer
  
  Bubble-jet Printers - portable printers
  
Plotter - a big printer that uses a mechanic 'arm' to draw images.  Slow,
  expensive, but very large images and very high quality, not measured in dpi.
  Used by architects, engineers, and sometimes artists.
  
Installing Printers or Plotters
  Usually parallel, now USB.  Requires a driver.  Maybe on the computers BIOS 
  chip.
  
Multifunction - one device prints, scans, copies, faxes, etc...

Monitors

  VRAM - video RAM

  Cathode Ray Tube - CRT - electronic gun shoots to front of screen lighting up 
  pixels.  Each pixel is broken into three subsections, RGB, and  the intensity 
  of the electron gun determines brightness of subsection.
  
  Flat Panel Displays - each pixel is a whole pixel, voltage applied to that
  pixel (which is a tiny crystal) determines its color.
  
Screen Clarity

  resolution - number of pixels.  640x480, 800x600, 1024x768 are common 
    resolutions for computers.
	
  Dot Pitch - amount of space between pixels, the smaller the dot pitch the 
    sharper the image.  .31 or better.
	
  Refresh Rate - number of times per second picture is 'redrawn'
  
Color

  Monchrome - 1 color, black and one other color
  
  Color - 16.7 million colors now available on new monitors
  
  VGA - Video Graphics Array- 16-256 colors
  
  SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array - 256 colors at higher res
  
  XGA - high resolution display - 16.7 million colors at 1024x768.
    This setting is called 24-bit color or true color
 
 
 
3.4) In & Out, devices that do both

Terminals
  dumb terminals - only input and output info, do no processing.  
    Check in counters out airlines.
	
  Intelligent - has processing capability and RAM but no storage.
    An internet-only computer is a good example that may become more popular.
	
  Point of Sale terminal - cash register
  
  ATM - you know what this is
  
Smart Cards - looks like a credit card but has a chip - 30 pages of info

Optical Card - 6.6 Megabytes - coming in the future - carry complete medical history

Touch Screen - keyboard on the monitor

	

Homework 3:
in Interactive computing book
WD 3.2-28 
WD 3.34 #2 will be turned in via e-mail.
   e-mail your reviews as an attached Word doc to Mike Kolta.
   Due date: 2/6 at midnight.